Sumethy (F/41) non spectacles wearer, came for eye examination, with complaint of blurry seeing paperwork & print on policy. No headache is reported.
Vision without glasses
R: 6/6
L: 6/6
Examination shows: (Delay Fogging)
R: +0.25 (6/6) [+1.00 blur lens test: 6/9+]
L: +0.25 (6/6) [+1.00 blur lens test: 6/9-] (L: left dominant eye) L>R
Add: +1.00 (R>L)
Other assessments show:
Examination of Eye Alignment/Vergence (Cover Test, CT)
NMD @Distance
NMD @Near
(normal value: orthophoria/NMD-No Movement Detected or small XP, fast recovery)
EP = Esophoria is misalignment of the eye, eye is deviated inwards
XP = Exophoria is misalignment of the eye, eye is deviated outwards
Examination of Eye Alignment/Posture (Howell Card) by 6^ Base Down on Right eye
No glasses Distance: 1 EP (yellow part)
Near: 2 – 4 XP (blue part)
No glasses Near: 0 – 2 XP (blue part)
(normal value: 0-1 EP (yellow part) or 0-3 XP (blue part) @Distance; and 0-6 XP (blue part) @Near)
EP = Esophoria is misalignment of the eye, eye is deviated inwards
XP = Exophoria is misalignment of the eye, eye is deviated outwards
NRA (Accommodation analysis – ability to relax accommodation) by plus lens
+0.75
(normal value: +1.50 to +2.50)
PRA (Accommodation analysis – ability to stimulate accommodation) by minus lens
-0.25
(normal value: -1.37 to -3.37)
NPC (Convergence – ability of eye to maintain a single clear near image) by RAF rule
8/10cm, 8/10cm, 8/10cm, 8/10cm, 8/10cm
(normal value: Break/Recovery in less than 10cm or to the nose, TTN)
AA (Amplitude Accommodation/Focusing – eye stamina/ability of eye to focus & sustain seeing near clearly) by RAF rule
R: 41 YO, 41 YO, 41 YO
L: 43 YO, 43 YO, 43 YO
(normal value: AA goes according to age; YO=years old)
Fusional Reserves (Convergent/Divergent reserve stamina) by Prism Bar
Near, Base-Out/Convergent, PFV: x/12/10
Near, Base-In/Divergent, NFV: x/12/10
Distance, Base-In/Divergent, NFV: x/10/8
Distance, Base-Out/Convergent, PFV: x/16/12
(normal value: Blur/Break/Recovery)
Near, PFV: 10-28/7-21
Near, NFV: 7-19/5-15
Distance, PFV: 4-18/5-9
Distance, NFV: 4-10/2-6
[Scheiman et al – Adult Data]
Vergence Facility – ability to make rapid repetitive vergence changes (by Prism Flipper of 12Base Out & 3Base In)
Near: 18 cpm
Distance: 14 cpm
(normal value: 1 cycle = 2 times clearing target
Distance: 12-18 cpm
Near: 12-18 cpm)
All near tests are done with Add.
All distance tests are done unaided.
Interpupillary distance, IPD = 6.2cm