Im (M/20) datang untuk pemeriksaan, speknya patah sudah sebulan dua.. mengadu tengok dekat kabur selepas hadap komputer/hp lama sejak tahun ini.
Penglihatan tanpa cermin
R: 6/21-
L: 6/18-
Penglihatan dengan speknya 3 tahun
R: -1.25/-1.00×175 (6/6-)
L: PL/-3.25×5 (6/7.5-)
Pemeriksaan menunjukkan:
R: -1.00/-0.75×175 (6/6) [+1.00 blur lens test: 6/12-] (R: right dominant eye)
L: +0.25/-3.25×5 (6/6) [+1.00 blur lens test: 6/15-]
Modified
R: -1.00/-0.75×175
L: PL/-2.75×5
Pemeriksaan lain menunjukkan:
Examination of Eye Alignment/Vergence (Cover Test)
NMD @Distance
small XP, fast recovery @Near
(normal value: orthophoria/NMD-No Movement Detected or small XP, fast recovery)
EP = Esophoria is misalignment of the eye, eye is deviated inwards
XP = Exophoria is misalignment of the eye, eye is deviated outwards
Examination of Eye Alignment/Posture (Howell Card) by 6^ Base Down on Right eye
Distance: 0 – 1 EP (yellow part)
Near: 0 – 2 XP (blue part)
+1.00 Near: 2 – 4 XP (blue part)
(normal value: 0-1 EP (yellow part) or 0-3 XP (blue part) @Distance; and 0-6 XP (blue part) @Near)
EP = Esophoria is misalignment of the eye, eye is deviated inwards
XP = Exophoria is misalignment of the eye, eye is deviated outwards
NRA (Accommodation analysis – ability to relax accommodation) by plus lens
+1.75
(normal value: +1.50 to +2.50)
PRA (Accommodation analysis – ability to stimulate accommodation) by minus lens
-0.50
(normal value: -1.37 to -3.37)
MEM – Monocular Estimation Method (Accommodation lag – to measure accommodation response seeing near target)
R: +0.25
L: +0.25
(normal value: +0.25 to +0.75)
Accommodation Facility – ability to change focus: far to near or near to far (by Flipper +/-2.00)
BE: 5 cycle per minit(cpm), difficult with minus lens(2nd lens)
R: 8 cycle per minit(cpm), difficult with minus lens(2nd lens) [both eyes see better than with right eye]
L: 7 cycle per minit(cpm), difficult with minus lens(2nd lens) [both eyes see better than with left eye]
(normal value: 1 cycle = 2 words read
Monocular or R/L: 6cpm to 16cpm
Binocular or BE-both eyes: 4cpm to 14cpm)
Fusional Reserves (Convergent/Divergent reserve stamina) by Prism Bar
Near, Base-Out/Convergent, PFV: 20/25/20
Near, Base-In/Divergent, NFV: 6/10/8
Distance, Base-In/Divergent, NFV: 8/10/6
Distance, Base-Out/Convergent, PFV: x/25/18
(normal value: Blur/Break/Recovery)
Near, PFV: 10-28/7-21
Near, NFV: 7-19/5-15
Distance, PFV: 4-18/5-9
Distance, NFV: 4-10/2-6
[Scheiman – Adult Data]
Vergence Facility – ability to make rapid repetitive vergence changes (by Prism Flipper of 12Base Out & 3Base In)
Near: 9 cpm (difficult Base-In)
Distance: 5 cpm (double with Base-In)
(normal value: 1 cycle = 2 times clearing target
Distance: 12-18 cpm
Near: 12-18 cpm)
AA (Amplitude Accommodation/Focusing – eye stamina/ability of eye to focus & sustain seeing near clearly) by RAF rule
R: 20 YO, 20 YO, 20 YO
L: 30 YO, 35 YO, 35 YO
(normal value: AA goes according to age; YO=years old)
NPC (Convergence – ability of eye to maintain a single clear near image) by RAF rule
12/18cm, 12/18cm, 12/18cm, 14/20cm, 14/20cm, 14/20cm
(normal value: Break/Recovery in less than 10cm or to the nose, TTN)
NPC (Convergence – ability of eye to maintain a single clear near image) by RAF rule (with Add +0.50 OU or +0.75 OU)
14/22cm, 14/22cm, 14/24cm
(normal value: Break/Recovery in less than 10cm or to the nose, TTN)
3D Vision (Random Dot 3S)
12.5″
(normal value: 12.5″)
Interpupillary Distance = 6.8cm