Prem (M/28) datang untuk pemeriksaan, cermin matanya masih okay tengok jauh. Beliau pakai untuk tengok TV & memandu saja.. dan tak pakai spek untuk hadap laptop & phone.
Penglihatan tanpa cermin
R: 6/24 (better)
L: 6/24
Penglihatan dengan spek
R: -2.00 (6/6)
L: -2.50 (6/6)
Examination shows: (Delay Fogging)
R: -1.75 (6/6) (+1.00 blur lens test 6/15) [R: right dominant eye] R>L
L: -1.75 (6/6) (+1.00 blur lens test 6/18)
Near: L>R
Other assessments show:
Examination of Eye Alignment/Vergence (Cover Test, CT)
NMD @Distance
small XP, fast recovery @Near
(normal value: orthophoria/NMD-No Movement Detected or small XP, fast recovery)
EP = Esophoria is misalignment of the eye, eye is deviated inwards
XP = Exophoria is misalignment of the eye, eye is deviated outwards
Examination of Eye Alignment/Posture (Howell Card) by 6^ Base Down on Right eye
Distance: 0
Near: 4 – 6 XP (blue part)
+1.00 Near: 4 – 6 XP (blue part)
(normal value: 0-1 EP(yellow part) or 0-3 XP(blue part) @Distance; and 0-6 XP(blue part) @Near)
EP = Esophoria is misalignment of the eye, eye is deviated inwards
XP = Exophoria is misalignment of the eye, eye is deviated outwards
NPC (Convergence – ability of eye to maintain a single clear near image) by RAF rule
TTN, TTN, TTN
(normal value: Break/Recovery in less than 10cm or to the nose, TTN)
NRA (Accommodation analysis – ability to relax accommodation) by plus lens
+0.50
(normal value: +1.50 to +2.50)
PRA (Accommodation analysis – ability to stimulate accommodation) by minus lens
-0.75
(normal value: -1.37 to -3.37)
MEM – Monocular Estimation Method (Accommodation lag – to measure accommodation response seeing near target)
R: PL
L: +0.25
(normal value: +0.25 to +0.75)
NPC (Convergence – ability of eye to maintain a single clear near image) by RAF rule
14/18cm, 14/18cm, 14/18cm, 16/20cm, 16/20cm, 18/22cm
(normal value: Break/Recovery in less than 10cm or to the nose, TTN)
AA (Amplitude Accommodation/Focusing – eye stamina/ability of eye to focus & sustain seeing near clearly) by RAF rule
R: 25 YO, 25 YO, 25 YO
L: 25 YO, 25 YO, 25 YO
(normal value: AA goes according to age; YO=years old)
Accommodation Facility – ability to change focus: far to near or near to far (by Flipper +/-2.00)
BE: 13 cycle per minit(cpm), difficult with minus lens(2nd lens)
R: 14 cycle per minit(cpm), difficult with plus lens(1st lens) [right eye sees better than with both eyes]
L: 11 cycle per minit(cpm), difficult with minus lens(2nd lens) [left eye/both eyes see the same]
(normal value: 1 cycle = 2 words read
Monocular or R/L: 6cpm to 16cpm
Binocular or BE-both eyes: 4cpm to 14cpm)
Fusional Reserves (Convergent/Divergent reserve stamina) by Prism Bar
Near, Base-Out/Convergent, PFV: 16/14
Near, Base-In/Divergent, NFV: 10/2
Distance, Base-In/Divergent, NFV: 14/6
Distance, Base-Out/Convergent, PFV: 10/4
(normal value: Blur/Break/Recovery)
Near, PFV: 10-28/7-21
Near, NFV: 7-19/5-15
Distance, PFV: 4-18/5-9
Distance, NFV: 4-10/2-6
[Scheiman – Adult Data]
Vergence Facility – ability to make rapid repetitive vergence changes (by Prism Flipper of 12Base Out & 3Base In)
Near: 7 cpm (difficult Base-Out & double with Base-Out towards the end of testing)
Distance: 0 cpm (double with Base-Out)
(normal value: 1 cycle = 2 times clearing target
Distance: 12-18 cpm
Near: 12-18 cpm)
Interpupillary Distance = 6.4cm
Selepas pemeriksaan, kita tanya sama ada penglihatan laptop okay tak.. Prem bagitahu yang beliau boleh hadap laptop maksimum 2jam saja.